Dark Energy Fundamentals
For a discussion of the current science of Dark Energy, see Dark Energy.
From the perspective of Alec Holden, in The Dark Energy Chronicles, Dark Energy is a force that can be used to change the fabric of reality.
The following is extracted from the syllabus for the college course, “An Introduction to the Theory of Dark Energy,” taught by Dr. Alec Holden.
An Introduction to the Theory of Dark Energy
Fall semester syllabus
Dark energy is the background energy of the universe. It forms the fabric of space-time. It is chaotic but can be focused and converted into other forms. Dark energy has two forms. Positive dark energy is the most common form, but dark energy also has an anti-energy form usually referred to as “negative dark energy.” Positive dark energy can be used to transform matter into different forms. It can also be converted into kinetic energy. Dark energy can be mathematically described as a chaotic function, with the focus an attractor in nonlinear space. The mathematics of this was developed in the groundbreaking work of Dr. A. Holden.
Use of dark energy requires three things: a concentrated field of dark energy; a focus for the energy; and a director to envision the altered fabric of reality. The director creates the proper functional environment for an attractor to exist. The director then uses the focus to convert the dark energy into an appropriate topological shape. A diffeomorphic translation is performed to achieve the desired apparent topology (shape) in real space. This translation can theoretically be performed without concentrating dark energy. However, due to the time - dark energy correlation, the time required to complete an action increases exponentially with decreasing dark energy intensity.
Although the process is mathematically complex, in practice, it is straightforward. The director, a person, with access to a concentrated field of dark energy, uses a tricrystal, typically in the form of a medallion, to focus and coalesce dark energy and envision the desired outcome. The director releases the focus, and the altered fabric of reality exists.
Dark energy offers promise for improving lives and living standards. However, to date, there have been only a few commercial successes with dark energy. One of the early applications was the creation of crystals: in particular, diamonds. Initially, this application created havoc in the diamond mining industry and resulted in passage of new laws requiring diamonds to be labeled as natural, synthetic, or artificial. Marketing natural diamonds has kept the demand stable. Synthetic diamonds for industrial applications can be fabricated more cheaply using convention chemical-vapor-deposition techniques than by using dark energy.
The creation of rare materials has shown commercial promise. The creation of short half-life radioactive isotopes for medical therapy and diagnostics tests is a very promising use of dark energy. The fabrication of specialty components is also an application of dark energy. Success has been found in making one-of-a-kind components for high-performance environments. For example, turbine blades for hypersonic jets are now made using dark energy. Many specialty items can be created using dark energy. Even for high value, low volume items, 3D printing is a competitive commercial alternative.
Dark energy is being evaluated to propel mass transit vehicles. Dark energy is manipulated to change the relative motion of an object with respect to the space-time background. When the focus is released, this changes the relative velocity of the object in relation to its surroundings. This is an ongoing area of research but is not currently competitive with electric transit.
Dark energy can be used to construct very complex objects. The human director must fully visualize the object, and any object that can be fully visualized can be created. Complex objects such as cell phones have not yet been successfully replicated using dark energy. The exterior (visual object) can be replicated but the internal electronics since they cannot be fully visualized in the human mind, have not been replicated. Multi-step creation is a current area of research that shows promise. In multi-step creation, a part of the object is visualized and created, and then subsequent steps synergistically create additional levels of the object. Dark energy light-globes are an example of a success using this process.
Dark energy can also be used as a lens to bend light. A dark energy lens can bend light around objects in an obscuring manner or be used to superimpose images. The equivalent of a diffraction limit using dark energy creates a blurry result that seems to waver when viewed by the human eye. This is an active area of research; theoretically, it can be used to create complex holographic images directly.
Energy and matter are conserved in dark energy transactions. Mass is conserved with the transformation of an equivalent number of neutrons and protons from nearby materials into the created object. It is standard practice to have materials with enough neutrons and protons nearby to facilitate the transformation. Otherwise, the required number will be scavenged out of the air or other closely located objects. A large neutron and proton deficit can result in the conversion of many air atoms and create a local vacuum. This is a simplistic explanation of the real situation. It is likely that quarks are conserved and not protons and neutrons, but this has not been experimentally determined.
Energy is conserved by conversion between positive and negative dark energy. If the reaction is exothermic, such as the conversion of uranium to gold, then energy is added to the dark energy background. If the energy is endothermic, such as gold to uranium, then energy is extracted from the dark energy background. The exothermic conversion of uranium to lead was one of the early methods of concentrating dark energy. The process worked but has been replaced by field concentrators.
Field concentrators are essential for the safe use of dark energy. Attempting creations with low dark energy fields have significant safety risks due to the increased time that a focus must be maintained. Loss of focus before a suitable topologically equivalent space has been reached can result in an unstable solution with no attractors. Loss of focus results in energy-intensive solutions with the rapid release of energy into real space (better known as an explosion). Many early fatalities resulted from working in low concentrations of dark energy.
A field concentrator is typically twenty meters in diameter but can be made as large as one hundred meters in diameter. A field concentrator can increase the local dark energy concentration by a factor of one thousand to one million. Earth is continually moving through the dark energy field of the multiverse, and a field concentrator collects the dark energy and concentrates it into a small area. The small area is then used in conjunction with a tricrystal medallion to work with dark energy. Cosmological surveys show a lumpiness in the dark energy background of the universe. There are regions of higher and lower dark energy in the universe. The Earth is currently in a region of low dark energy and will not reach an area of maximum dark energy for one hundred thousand years.
Dark energy has been demonstrated to be related to time. The details of this correlation are still not fully understood, but time distortions around concentrators of dark energy have been measured that exceed the effects that are calculated using general relativity. For more on the measurement of time distortions see reference 2.
Tricrystals are the material that is used to focus dark energy. A tricrystal is made by combining the microstructure of three pure crystals in a synergistic arrangement to make a super crystal. The super crystal is typically embedded in a coin-shaped medallion for stability and ease of use. Dark energy has been shown to be the most practical manner of making tricrystals.
Students taking this course should have a strong mathematical background in calculus and differential equations, including partial differential equations. They should be familiar with the mathematics of complex systems and have taken at least one course in topology.